New research has revealed that canine hookworms are becoming increasingly resistant to medications across Australia, posing a growing challenge for both pets and public health.

Researchers from The University of Queensland (UQ) and The University of Sydney have discovered widespread resistance to benzimidazole-based dewormers, which are commonly used to treat gastrointestinal parasites in dogs.

Dr. Swaid Abdullah from UQ's School of Veterinary Science explained that nearly 70 percent of the hookworm samples studied showed genetic mutations that contribute to drug resistance.

"This is a significant problem as hookworm infections can be harmful to both animals and humans," Dr. Abdullah said. "In dogs, hookworm infections affect the small intestine, leading to symptoms such as anaemia, diarrhea, and malnutrition. More concerning is that the parasites can also spread to humans through the skin."

In humans, hookworms can cause cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) disease, also known as "creeping eruption," which results in a winding, snake-like rash with blisters and itching.

Dr. Abdullah noted that while benzimidazole-based dewormers have been the primary defense against hookworms, their increasing ineffectiveness is a growing issue.

"This resistance level is critical for both pet and public health," he added.

The research team used advanced diagnostic tools to examine samples from over 100 animals across Australia and New Zealand. The results revealed that resistance was spreading among hookworm species, including the northern hookworm, which was previously believed to be unaffected.

Professor Jan Šlapeta from The University of Sydney emphasized that the routine use of deworming drugs may be contributing to the development of resistance.

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"Veterinarians must adopt responsible parasite management strategies to address this issue," Professor Šlapeta said. "We need to move toward a targeted, risk-based approach for treatment to curb the spread of resistant hookworms."

He also noted that just as doctors do not prescribe antibiotics indiscriminately, deworming should be approached with the same caution to prevent further resistance.

"As resistance continues to grow, ongoing monitoring and the development of new strategies are essential to safeguard both animal and human health," Professor Šlapeta said. "This study serves as a wake-up call for pet owners and veterinarians — the era of simple parasite control may be coming to an end."